在现代,大马士革钢即是花纹钢,是一种由多种钢材进行混合锻打的材料,后经过酸洗等其他方式显现花纹,或者不显现。而花纹的形成是由于不同的钢材所含元素比例不同,所以每种钢材的抗腐蚀能力也不同,在酸洗后会出现腐蚀程度的对比产生花纹。
本人制作下图以示例花纹钢的形成,例如这三种钢材叠加,有不同的含碳量,也就代表他们三个有不同的抗腐蚀能力,含碳量越多可能在酸洗中越发黑,含碳量越低可能在酸洗中会较慢发黑,故此当我们将这三种钢材在同一规定时间内同时进行酸洗和取出,就会呈现出不同腐蚀色彩。(含碳量并不是唯一影响抗腐蚀作用的元素,在此图标注仅仅作为一种演示,也广义代表三种不同元素的钢材)。
图一,示例三种不同元素钢材叠加:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-03e63c4550de41b057ebe59bfa0b641a.jpg)
图二,三种不同元素钢材酸洗后颜色会有不同:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-d88507515bba8f26735619b8160a62f2.jpg)
图三,混合锻打后酸洗显现花纹:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-d4b2a509b7210ca72d98531f2830d5dd.jpg)
当三种钢材进行混合锻打再进行酸洗,那么三种不同腐蚀程度钢材的纹路就会以花纹的形式出现。折叠锻打并不会像是熔炼一样将钢材融化在一起,那样便成为了一种单独钢材,锻打实际是一种热锻焊合,并没有真的融合到一起,而焊合势必就会有分界线,那么分界线便就是锻合纹。缎合纹会出现一些夹灰和焊合失败的缝隙,这种缝隙在日本刀中称为“割”。
酸洗只是一种将花纹钢的花纹更加明显的一种方式,并不是通过酸洗才产生的花纹,如果你的钢本身就不是花纹钢,那么酸洗出来一定就是一片黑,是不会产生花纹的。
将花纹显现不单单只有酸洗一种方式,日本叨常用他们独特的研磨技术(上研)来显现日本叨的地肌(纹路),当不使用任何显现纹路的方式时候,花纹钢在日常光照下纹路会非常暗淡或难以分辨,这也跟日常氧化程度有关,但通过改变光线也会隐约看到锻合纹。在打磨至镜面下,则需要追寻一定光线角度,或者使用强光手电照射即可看见锻造纹路。
日本叨通过上研来显现纹路:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-1202fb3edf7f82135edcabd09a9ba9dc.jpg)
镜面花纹钢(草钢)通过强光照射来显现纹路:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-11a0cf38af7eefa9dc36baced39fcc23.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-2a1f150b73437e37d9144260a47d29bf.jpg)
在历史记载中,大马士革钢是一种将乌磁钢或者其他优质钢二次加工(折叠锻打)后的钢材,起源于大马士革城,也意为大马士革城所制出的钢材,所以这并不是指一种钢材名称。因为大马士革钢加工所用的原料多以乌磁钢为主,所以很多人误认为大马士革钢就是乌磁钢,而实际上,大马士革钢所用的原料并不单单只有乌磁钢一种钢材。而乌磁钢在未经过折叠锻打前,也会有细腻的纹路存在,此为乌磁钢典型的铸造型花纹。
铸造型乌磁钢纹路:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-a796cbe41c47d6a9c270ad2e2c7aaa36.jpg)
现代刀匠对大马士革花纹钢可算情有独钟,他们通过不断的试验钻研,锻造出丰富多彩的各类大马士革钢,花纹独居一格,可称为钢铁锻造的艺术,而过程也给刀匠带来了很多有趣的体验。
下面展示了十种不同的大马士革(花纹钢)纹路锻造过程:
01,钢珠锻打所形成的冰裂纹大马士革钢:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-b02cfce7d99fab480947e4cb82e023ab.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-a306724a31156cb002548bc923485e8b.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-05f218f80b8efc4c4ba55062b6f8145f.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-61567308a6155e1d5465649097098c91.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-4abbdc6a1355a1787feb5ed6f22cd1ce.jpg)
最后锻打成型,打磨后进行酸洗:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-b8f31a565276a7f495b1929807881045.jpg)
酸洗后纹路显现出来:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-c586d12c342b2a49bfa0562aa8bb1d6c.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-9fa32dd9724dd42337c8446d23a496a9.jpg)
02,钢环锻打所形成的大马士革钢纹路:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-16ed19a1b785ce384f34fe9a621d2d5f.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-4bb3a054184eb3081f61458b3afcbb14.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-c02a79e3c51d6b3f10a24553f3ed8bd5.jpg)
03,钢缆锻打所形成的大马士革钢纹路:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-0cf6d1f0b5062f37409ef12780c38233.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-f5e1f1a232354083c887ee72c020b4d8.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-b278e55e552502ecadcf2c3179fea40d.jpg)
进行酸洗:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-e8a5c62dde531ae46c450404eef637ee.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-037cd641f0f5b7a6f041d1cf83b6196d.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-596aac217d56f62d655259e591f68fa0.jpg)
04,小钢环锻打所形成的大马士革钢纹路:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-fc7873952559812a02dafa74df4bc15f.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-079f62e7ffb8621238ddaf51b1c953f7.jpg)
同样进行酸洗显现纹路(后面不再重复说明):
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-cdd5379c08731d09237975942cd1b61b.jpg)
同时也做了烤蓝工艺:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-70cc0e03c1c3b1d01cc74f4ad56f938c.jpg)
05,通过改变原料造型所形成的大马士革钢纹路:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-2b880b145386751790ba670332b062bd.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-268a7c84176a08fdc9d0a6a62bcd8133.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-78c072238c11722d972647610dd89286.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-dc8bacba1b708edb85b21504c3aaeede.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-6913f6b4347f9b364f5824d98e3a4bdc.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-f4c93022eccb77706b30db24d8c50a77.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-a19ef4d2f3584ffcd7b48935938e1c08.jpg)
06,钢丝球锻打所形成的大马士革钢纹路:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-2762c9a91798dacd481f11008c657e55.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-5a81c04646979d8a84b1e52ec4c5900a.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-4287f2a82baec93cac80e2c8281814d4.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-ee396f57f52bdf830ec1e1fa6fd315cd.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-de174e3780e81759a9b65cabc80092d0.jpg)
07,链条锻打所形成的大马士革钢纹路:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-080b17037bd31b7529f5c8720ee44be3.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-117c911a01218fd77bfa349297b7f1fd.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-7f2933dd42e639491a18ebca39c00eb6.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-275ed79a8cbd4c6b3bd40003c5a0d338.jpg)
08,钢钉锻打所形成的大马士革钢纹路:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-9ef46ce801d2f697a4b9194acef7a069.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-06365c6ffbfb618ec10b5069c6aa8080.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-fb510010cc8f186e8731cac285dfa826.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-56b824d15427c6195ba267dca207aa65.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-8acd86177ecfae01131c778e7e34ba01.jpg)
09,螺丝零件锻打所形成的大马士革钢纹路:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-033b9ffe4efa34776c78c4a66340e38b.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-13a4907c41ba09e9eb05bcfb3f748c0a.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-60c473c6ca0cdb5e1b1413d7885ad991.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-cfa822735a01c1f15135fdb794cba2e7.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-533a2e16eaa0db81d081854047bd420a.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-c517728f05d48c143284df7cac757019.jpg)
10,钢缆造型所形成的大马士革钢纹路:
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-fef27a79cc8c7e55657660dc606f8cbe.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-8f6e1d3403573ca8ad3813086786629f.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-1db8a5da7aa7b3c3295007f3c7151f38.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-e83ea8a0f7c74680a2fe953153bc1772.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-812b4f18ad98ba84bc2451a4e5cc6405.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-fdcfd871c3f362548c6f73e9596dd142.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-37c12192570dce207233a49f1bf31ab3.jpg)
![](https://hoosi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/frc-28795c062c74b693255e333752a60044.jpg)
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